Bronchitis is a condition where the bronchial tubes (airways) become inflamed and swollen, leading to persistent cough, mucus production, and breathing difficulty. It can be acute, usually caused by infections, or chronic, which is a long-term condition often linked to smoking, pollution exposure, or underlying lung diseases like COPD. Acute bronchitis typically lasts days to weeks, whereas chronic bronchitis involves a productive cough lasting for at least 3 months a year for 2 consecutive years.

Chronic Cough refers to a cough that lasts more than 8 weeks. It may occur due to repeated infections, asthma, GERD (acidity reflux), smoking, allergies, or unresolved lung inflammation. Chronic cough often affects sleep, daily activities, and overall quality of life, making proper diagnosis essential.

Causes

• Acute infections: Viral or bacterial respiratory infections.
• Smoking: Leading cause of chronic bronchitis.
• Air pollution or dust exposure: Occupational or environmental irritants.
• Asthma or COPD: Chronic airway inflammation.
• Allergies & sinus problems: Post-nasal drip triggering cough.
• Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD): Acid reflux causing throat irritation.

Symptoms

• Constant or worsening cough
• Thick or clear mucus (sputum)
• Chest tightness or discomfort
• Wheezing or breathlessness
• Fatigue due to persistent coughing
• Sore throat or hoarseness

Diagnosis

• Clinical examination and symptom history
• Chest X-ray to rule out pneumonia or other lung conditions
• Pulmonary Function Test (PFT): Checks airway obstruction
• Blood tests if infection is suspected
• Sputum examination for chronic or severe cases